Product innovation refers to the development of novel ideas and solutions that bring worth to customers. It involves a system of get more info discovering customer needs, imagining innovative products or services, and bringing to market them effectively. Innovation can take many manifestations, from incremental improvements to radical breakthroughs

Targeted drug delivery utilizing nanoshells has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to the site of act

Quantum dots (QDs) are quantum nanostructures with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further exploited by engineering their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the binding of functional groups or ligan